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Advances in Dental Research
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Adv Dent Res 19:36-41, April, 2006
© 2006 SAGE Publications

Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection: Activating Dendritic Cells to Boost Immunity

Presented at the Fifth World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS, Phuket, Thailand, July 6–9, 2004, sponsored by Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, the International Association for Dental Research, the World Health Organization, the NIDCR/National Institutes of Health, USA, and the University of California-San Francisco Oral AIDS Center.

N. Teleshova#, J. Kenney and M. Robbiani*

Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA

Correspondence: * corresponding author, mrobbiani{at}popcouncil.org

Dendritic cells (DCs) are white blood cells that coordinate innate and adaptive immunity. They are distributed within epithelia and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, positioned to entrap incoming pathogens or vaccines. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the non-human primate equivalent (SIV) exploit DCs to amplify infection, underscoring the need to harness strategies that promote presentation of virus by DCs to stimulate potent anti-viral immunity instead of virus transmission. Two main subsets of DCs need to be considered: myeloid (MDC) and plasmacytoid (PDC) subsets. Using the SIV-macaque system to advance oral vaccine research, we examined macaque PDC and MDC biology, identifying ways to activate DCs and boost antiviral immunity. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ISS-ODNs) stimulated PDC/MDC mixtures to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecule expression and to secrete both IFN-{alpha} and IL-12. Additionally, ISS-ODNs augmented SIV-specific IFN-{gamma}responses induced by virus-bearing DCs. ISS-ODN-driven DC activation is being pursued to improve oral/nasopharyngeal mucosal vaccines and therapies against HIV.

Key Words: Dendritic cells • immunostimulatory oligodeoxyribonucleotides • SIV • macaque • immunity

Advances in Dental Research, Vol. 19, No. 1, 36-41 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/154407370601900108
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